ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the protection of enoxaparin (E) against experimental ischemic (I) and ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries on in vitro fertilization outcomes. METHODS: In total, 56 adult female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 8 animals each: Sham, Ischemia, I/R, Sham+E, I+E, and I/R+E. Ischemia groups were subjected to bilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h. In contrast, I/R and I/R+E groups received subsequent detorsion for 3 h. Enoxaparin (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) was administered 30 min prior to ischemia (I+platelet-rich plasma) or reperfusion (I/R+I+platelet-rich plasma). Ovaries were stimulated through intraperitoneal injection of 150-300 internal units IU/kg pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were measured before and after surgery in all groups. RESULTS: When the number of metaphase II oocytes was evaluated, statistically significant differences were observed between the I and I+E (p=0.001) and I/R and I/R+E (p=0.000) groups. When both I and I+E groups and I/R and I/R+E groups were compared, it was found that E application increased the number of fertilized oocytes. The number of embryos on the second day was higher in the I/R+E group than that in the I/R group. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of grade 1 embryos between the I/R and I/R+E groups (p=0.003). In comparing anti-Müllerian hormone values within the group, the highest decrease was observed in the I and I/R groups. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin effectively minimizes ovarian damage and preserves ovarian reserve following ovarian torsion.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of a ketogenic diet on morphology and follicle reserve. METHOD: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: standard diet group (n=8) and ketogenic diet group (n=8). Rats were time mated. Dams were permitted to deliver spontaneously. The animals were monitored for the onset of puberty. All the rats were weighed and anesthetized, serum anti-Müllerian hormone level was measured, and the oviducts were removed. The morphological characteristics of follicles were determined and total ovarian volumes were calculated. RESULTS: The mean ovarian volume was statistically significantly lower in the ketogenic diet group compared to the standard diet group (14.41±0.99 mm3 versus 18.89±1.28 mm3) (p=0.000). The mean number of antral follicles was 13.63±1.80 in the standard diet group and 4.462±0.760 in the ketogenic diet group. The mean ovarian weight of the ketogenic diet group was significantly lower than that of the standard diet group (0.42±0.06 g versus 0.815±107 g). The mean anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly higher in the standard diet group compared to the ketogenic diet group (1.023±4.75 ng/mL versus 0.69±0.07 ng/mL) (p=0.000). The mean percentage of staining of Ki-67 was 35.28±4.75 in the standard diet group and 16.98±3.33 in the ketogenic diet group (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Maternal ketogenic diet reduces ovarian follicular reserve in female offspring and has important implications for maintaining reproductive potential at a population level.